Use immutable data structures in React to improve performance and prevent hard-to-debug bugs. Immutable data structures are data structures that cannot be changed once they are created. In React, this means using immutable state and props instead of mutable ones. When a component's state or props change, React creates a new object instead of modifying the existing one. This allows React to quickly determine if a component needs to be re-rendered, improving performance. Additionally, immutable data structures prevent hard-to-debug bugs that can occur when multiple components share mutable state or props.

One way to implement immutable data structures in React is to use the Immutable.js library. This library provides a set of immutable data structures, such as List and Map, that can be used in place of their mutable counterparts. For example, instead of using an array for a list of items in state, you can use an Immutable.List. When you need to update the list, you can use methods such as push and pop to create a new list with the updated values. This new list can then be set as the component's state, triggering a re-render if necessary.

Another way to implement immutable data structures in React is to use the spread operator to create new objects and arrays. For example, instead of modifying an object in state directly, you can create a new object with the updated values using the spread operator. This new object can then be set as the component's state, triggering a re-render if necessary. Similarly, instead of modifying an array in state directly, you can create a new array with the updated values using the spread operator and array methods such as map and filter.